Top 7 Ecological Facts

Fact 1(ecosystem and energy flow):

• Ecosystem is self regulating.
• Different enviromental cycles(carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle) maintain the ecosytem. 
• It is also maintain through food chain and food web.
• About 82% of biomass is made up of plants and trees.
• Ecosystem is vary in size, it can be microscopic area or a large forest.
• Flow of energy in ecosystem is comes from sunlight to plants and it flows from one trophic level to next.
• Energy is droped by 10% when it flows from one trophic level to other.

Fact 2(Amazon Rainforest):

• Amazon is the world's biggest natural rainforest. 
• It is located in south America and covers nine nations with 60% in Brazil, 13% in Peru, 10% in Colombia and some parts of French, Suriname, Ecuador, Bolivia and Venezeula.
• Its latitude is 
  

  $5^{\circ }\text{N}$
  to
  

  ${17}^{\circ }\text{S}$
• It roughly covers 40% of South American continent. 
• It is called "lungs of Earth" because its trees absorb a massive amount of carbon dioxide and release oxygen. It produce about 20% of oxygen and also consume the same amount of carbondioxide. It regulates the climate on Earth. 
• Amazon has large diversity of plants, animals and other organisms. It is largest land ecosystem on Earth.
• Approximately 25% of medicines are derived from Amazon's plants. 
• Largest river by volume is found in this forest which is named Amazon river.
• A large number of species are discovered from Amazon every year.

  

  Amazon Rainforest

Fact 3(Largest managed forest):

• Changa Manga forest is second largest forest. It is a man-made forest.
• It is located in Pakistan approximately 70-80km in southwest of Lahore, in Kasur district of Punjab.
• Its latitude is 31°05′N 73°58′E from Earth equator. 
• Changa Manga was planted in 1866 by British Foresters.
• In 2014 a fire destroy about half of it.
• It is named after two outlaws brothers Changa and Manga who were hidden in that area. But these are rumors.
• It is more attractive place for tourism with its resort, miniature railway and an artificial lake.
• It has large diversity of mammals, birds and insects.
• It has plants like Sheesham, White mulberry and Kikar.

Fact 4(water on Earth):

• There is about 71% of water covered Earth's surface. Water is found in the form of icecaps, glaciers, water vapors, river and lakes.
• Whereas 96.5% water is salty(in oceans). Ocean is largest aquatic ecosystem.
• 78% of marine mammals are at risk due to plastic and pollution.
•  Only 2.5% is freshwater and 1.2% is available for drinking purposes.
• Approximately 0.4% to 4% of water vapors are in atmosphere. 99% of water vapors are in troposphere.

Fact 5(number of plants more than stars):

• There are 3.04 trillions plants and trees are on Earth.
• It is double than the number of stars in our galaxy.
• Approximately 450,000 species of plants are known to scientists, in which 391,000 are vascular and others are non-vascular.
• 94% of plants are flowering.
• Life on Earth depends on plants. Because these are producers and start a food chain. Without plants life and ecosystem will destroy.
• Approximately 27,000 trees are cut per day.

Fact 6(soil has large biodiversity):

• Soil is a home of large diversity of organisms.
• Soil has 59% of all species in the world.
• It is assume that one spoon of soil has microorganisms more than people on our planet.
• Most of insects and microorganism live in soil.
• These organisms are drivers of ecosystem. As they are involve in ecological cycles, filtering water, surpress plant's pathogen and break down organic matter.
• It is non-renewable source.
• It stores more carbon than in atmosphere.

Fact 7(recovery of ozon layer):

• Nowadays ozon layer has been healing.
• In 2025 scientists confirmed that Arctic ozon hole is actively healing.
• Montreal Protocol phase out chemicals like chlorofloro carbons(CFCs) and halons. It is a successful achivement for them.